1. In Japan, an expulsion means " Permanent expulsion ", but in the U. S. it usually means a
long - term suspension.
For instance, in OHIO, " Public Elementary and Secondary School suspension and expulsion "
ruled that .. Expulsion is a serious school disciplinary measure. It is not uncommon to have a
student commit some conduct that results in the emergency removal of the student that 10 days
suspension of the student and then the expulsion of the student for 80 days all for the same
single act.
The ordinary expulsion action is one in which the superintendent expels a student from school for
up to 80 days. If the period of expulsion exceeds the number of school days remaining in the
school year, then the superintendent may apply any remaining days to the next school year.
But, there are few exceptions in the U. S. as the following.
In North Carolina Law, Wake County Public School System, " Student Due Process Policies "
6530.3 ruled that An expulsion is a permanent removal from school.
2. In Japan, principal has the power to suspend a student from school, and also has it to
expel a student from school.
But, in the U. S. , school boards usually have such powers except short -term suspensions.
3. Japanese public schools, elementary or junior high school students shall not be suspended
from schools.................. untill 15 years old
Instead, School boards shall order to guardians to stop their children in a rule of " No- permission
of going to school ", but in fact, there would be very few.
4. In Japan, there are look-alike school suspensions, " Penitence for a sin at home ", " Katei-
kinshin."
" Being confined to his/her home for the misconducts " It is not an official suspension, but is a
kind of discipline of student and is not recorded on official school documents.
And it is dealed with as being absent from school.
Is it an educational way or an unclear measure ? Anyway in Japan, there would be a lot of such
cases.
( Note ) .... In New Zealand they might have like that of Japan's
For, in " Consumer Online - Suspension from school, Legal Rights " ruled that ,
" Voluntary withdrawal " ...... , parents are sometimes asked to voluntarily take their child away
from a school as a way of avoiding the embarrassment of suspension or expulsion.
This is often called a " Kiwi suspension " and it denies students and parents their rights under
the Education Act, including the right of a board hearing. Although in some cases, moving to
another school may be a good idea, you cannot be forced to withdraw your child voluntarily.
( Cite : www.consumer.org.nz/problem )
5. Due process
In Japan, too, there would be full and fair hearings before impartial decisions of it.
Legally, principals have such powers of suspensions, but in fact, the draft of them will deliberate
at all staff meetings at schools. I think it is a good point of a problem of suspension, but there
are usually not any other members except the staff of the schools, so sometimes the conclusions
might be due to lack of objectivities.
6. Others
In tradition, Japanese people have respected and shawn trust to school officials, but recently,
situations of Japanese schools are changing now.
And recently, they say, " More opened documents of public offices ", " More opened
management of Banks " and so forth.
School systems would not be exceptional. I think Japanese school systems will need to be
opened more, including the problems of school suspensions.
